What is the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act (GINA), and how does it protect me?


What is GINA?

GINA is a US federal law. It protects you from discrimination based on genetic status regarding access to health coverage, employment, and education (covered by some state-specific laws).


A health plan can't refuse you, cancel coverage, or set costs based on genetic testing results. 

Health plans can't use genetics or family medical history when you join a plan or set your premiums.

An employer can't terminate employment, refuse to hire, or promote you based on your genetic test results.


What is genetic information? 

Genetic information means information about an individual's genetic tests, the genetic tests of family members of the individual, the manifestation of a disease or disorder in family members of the individual or any request for or receipt of genetic services, or participation in clinical research that includes genetic services by the individual or a family member of the individual.


What is genetic discrimination?

Genetic discrimination is being treated differently when you have a gene linked to an illness like HCM.


How does GINA protect me?

GINA protects you if your genetic test shows you might develop an illness like HCM. 

You can not be denied health insurance or be charged more due to genetic test results. 

An employer can't discriminate based on genetic test results. Employers with 15+ employees can't use genetics for any employment decisions, with the exception of the Federal government.


What is not covered by GINA?

GINA does not guarantee coverage of Life, Disability, or Long-Term Care Insurance. The law permits "rating" your premium (raising your cost) or refusal to offer coverage based on genetic test results.


Does GINA apply to everyone?

GINA does NOT apply to:

  • Members of the United States Military.
  • Veterans who get health care through the Veterans Administration.
  • People using the Indian Health Service.
  • Federal Employees enrolled in the Federal Employees Health Benefits program. 

GINA does not apply to government employees, as there's already a law for them – the Government Employee Rights Act of 1991.


Please visit the US Department of Health and Human Services GINA Page for more information.